名詞性從句一直深受高考的青睞，雖然考的多，但總有同學(xué)被它弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。今天，江蘇招生考試網(wǎng)小編就把名詞性從句梳理一遍，大家一定要認(rèn)真看哦！

  名詞性從句精講 

從句是相對(duì)于主句而言的,即它是從屬于某一個(gè)主句,而不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)句子。在英語(yǔ)中,主要有三大從句,即名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語(yǔ)從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語(yǔ)從句,包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等）。

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

（1）從屬連接：that, whether, if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）

（2）連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

（3）連接副詞：when, where, how, why

一、主語(yǔ)從句

做句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。

1. that引導(dǎo)

That he is still alive is a wonder. 他還活著，真是奇跡。

That we shall be late is certain. 我們要晚了，這是確定無(wú)疑的。

That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽視工人階級(jí)是很自然的。

That she is still alive is a consolation. 她還活著是使人感到寬慰的。

That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成為畫家可能是受她父親的影響。

That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你將來(lái)倫敦是好久以來(lái)我聽(tīng)到的最好消息。

That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑選上，在她村子里引起很大轟動(dòng)。

2. whether引導(dǎo)

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否對(duì)我們有害還要看一看。

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

3. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)

Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 兩強(qiáng)相爭(zhēng)勇者勝。

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 無(wú)論(你們)誰(shuí)先到都可以得獎(jiǎng)。

Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪個(gè)，哪個(gè)就是你的。

4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)

When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。

How this happended is not clear to anyone. 這件事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰(shuí)也不清楚。

How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀請(qǐng)多少人還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

5. 關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這一點(diǎn)。

What’s done is done. 事已成定局。

What he says is not important. 他說(shuō)的話并不重要。

What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你說(shuō)的都不過(guò)是一些印象而已。

What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一個(gè)比較大的帆布袋。

6.主語(yǔ)從句與形式主語(yǔ)it

有時(shí)為了考慮句子平衡，通常在主語(yǔ)從句處使用形式主語(yǔ)it，而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句移至句末。這分三種情況：

(1) 對(duì)于以連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，通常用形式主語(yǔ)代主語(yǔ)從句：

It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遺憾他沒(méi)來(lái)。

It is important that he should know about this. 他必須知道此事。

It’s vital that we be present. 我們出席是至關(guān)重要的。

It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意圖是讓你當(dāng)候選人。

It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 廢除這個(gè)稅是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有這么多人失業(yè)這是不公平的。

It’s amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未談及此事令人驚訝。

It’s unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他們竟然拒絕我的請(qǐng)求，這是不可思議的。

That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他們拒絕在請(qǐng)?jiān)笗虾炞诌@是需要很大勇氣的。

(2) 對(duì)于以連接代詞(副詞)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可以使用形式主語(yǔ)代主語(yǔ)從句，也可直接在句首使用主語(yǔ)從句：

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它對(duì)我們是利是害，還得看看再說(shuō)。

(3) 對(duì)關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，通常直接將主語(yǔ)從句放在句首。如：

What we need is money. 我們需要的是錢。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這一點(diǎn)。

★如果句子是疑問(wèn)句，則必須用帶形式主語(yǔ)it的結(jié)構(gòu)：

Is it true that he is the girl’s father? 他是那女孩的父親，是真的嗎？

How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又遲到了？

7.連詞that的省略問(wèn)題

引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞that 有時(shí)可省，有時(shí)不能省，其原則是：

若that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句直接位于句首，則that不能省略；若that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主語(yǔ)it，則that可以省略。

如：That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遺憾你沒(méi)去聽(tīng)報(bào)告。(that不可省)

It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遺憾你沒(méi)去聽(tīng)報(bào)告。(that可省)

8. 另外注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示必須、理應(yīng)如此、建議、要求等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do”

常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

二、賓語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句連接詞大致一樣。

1.賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞用法

在復(fù)合句中做主句的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞有：

連詞：that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if

代詞：who, whose, what ,which

副詞：when ,where, how, why 等。

①連詞：

He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告訴我他明年上大學(xué)。

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車。

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 沒(méi)有人知道他是否會(huì)通過(guò)考試。

that引導(dǎo)

（在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略）

★可跟that引導(dǎo)的從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

如：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

★賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。

I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim ,is he? 

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?

We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式。

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講課，是不是？

★當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第二、三人稱時(shí)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與主句保持一致。

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?

They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?

She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?

★在以下情況中that不能省略

（1）當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。

I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．

（2）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不可省。

Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

（3）當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省。

I can’t tell him that his mother died.

（4）當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．

許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

（5）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí) That our team will win，I believe．

（6）當(dāng)that作learn, suggest ,explain ,agree ,wonder ,prove ,mean, state ,feel ,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí);

由whether,if

當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。

如：I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。

但在下列情況下只能用whether，不能用if：

①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。

如：Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．

（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來(lái)。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．

（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我們是去還是留。

②在介詞之后用whether。

如：I'm interested in whether he likes English．我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

③在不定式前用whether。

如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

④whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。

如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say．這是否是真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。

⑤引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。

如：Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。

⑥若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。

如：Please let me know if you like the book．

可理解為：If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我。

只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)

（1）if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果”

The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

（2）if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

（3）引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句even if（即使）和as if（好像）時(shí)

He talks as if he has known all about it.

②連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

連接代詞

Who ,whom ,whose ,which ,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述.

Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

你知道是誰(shuí)贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲么？

The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么.

?連接副詞

When ,where ,why ,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的成分。

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面。

Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

沒(méi)有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到。

2.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分。

I don’t know what they are looking for.

Could you tell me when the train will leave?

3.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

（1）時(shí)態(tài)：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。

例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

（2）主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

（3）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

★注意：運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況在表示“建議 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request；決定 decide; 命令 order、command、require;　堅(jiān)決主張 insist”等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，用（should）+v．（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）

如：I suggested that you（should）study hard．

He ordered that we should go out at once． 

虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在賓語(yǔ)從句中：動(dòng)詞 wish, suggest ,order ,insist , propose,等詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣，賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作表示的只是一種愿望、要求。

如：I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。

I wish I could help him. 我希望我能幫助他。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。

動(dòng)詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的從句中，"should" 可以省略。

如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。

4.簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句的方法

把含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句的方法：

（1）當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.

→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him.

→We decided to help him.

（2）當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window.

→She has forgotten how to open the window.

★注：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？

→Could you tell me how to get to the station？

（3）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

→The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

（4）某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如：

He insisted that he should go with us.

→He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

（5）某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.

→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

（6）動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以用不定式（短語(yǔ)）來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓＠纾?/p>

It seemed that the boys were going to win.

→The boys seemed to win.

★除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。

例如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well.

→I found it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.

→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box was very heavy.

→They found the box very heavy.

三、表語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣?？傊碚Z(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)的解釋和說(shuō)明，是主語(yǔ)具體化，并且常與連系動(dòng)詞一起使用。

表語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的從句, 就叫做表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后,結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”。

★連系動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞、表示持續(xù)的系動(dòng)詞（keep, remain, stay）、感官動(dòng)詞feel(摸起來(lái)，感覺(jué)) , smell(聞起來(lái)) , sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)) , taste(嘗起來(lái)，吃起來(lái)) 等、表示變化的系動(dòng)詞（become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,）、表終止的系動(dòng)詞prove, turn out(結(jié)果是，證明是)、seem, appear（看起來(lái)……）

連系動(dòng)詞通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。

He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.

他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的樣子。

His suggestion is that we should stay calm.

他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。

1.表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

①?gòu)膶龠B詞

that / whether /as if /as though/as/because

(1) that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句本身沒(méi)有詞義，在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。

That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.

連接詞that一般不能省略，但當(dāng)主句中含動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，that可以省略。

What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身邊去感謝他。

(2) whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”,但不充當(dāng)句子的成分。

The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.

if 與whether均意為“是否”，但引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用whether, 不能用if。

(3)as if/though“好像”，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)態(tài)。

如果句中的情況與事實(shí)不相符，從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式；如果從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“had + 過(guò)去分詞 ”，如果從句表示將來(lái)的可能性不大，用would (might ,could )+動(dòng)詞原形。

Li Lei is now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy. (現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)

The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times. （與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）

It looks as if it might rain. （與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）

但是，如果as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句所表示的與事實(shí)相符，從句則用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.

(4) as引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。

(5) because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

常用結(jié)構(gòu)：This/That/It is/was because...

That is because I don’t like Chinese.

②連接代詞

who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever，在表語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

Tom is no longer what he used to be. (what做表語(yǔ))

The problem is who is fit for this job. (who做主語(yǔ))

This is what I want to tell you. (what做賓語(yǔ))

The problem is whose work is the best. (whose做定語(yǔ))

③連接副詞

when/where/how/why，在表語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。

The question is how he did it. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。

The question is where we can live.問(wèn)題是我們能住在哪兒。

2.特例強(qiáng)調(diào)

（1）reason做主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)中包含事件的起因時(shí),后面的表語(yǔ)從句表示原因時(shí)要用that來(lái)引導(dǎo),而不用because；why引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)，不用because。

The reason is that he got up late.

Why he is late is that he got up late.

（2）that is why/because

①That is why ...是常用句型,其中why引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作表語(yǔ),該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)。That is the reason why ...與That is why ...是同義的，“這就是……的原因/因此……”，但是從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講That is the reason why ...中的why引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

That is why she failed to pass the exam.

那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))

That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam.

那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))

②That is because...句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ)，這也是個(gè)常用句型，意為“這就是因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

That is because I got up late.    這是因?yàn)槲移鸫策t了。

③“That is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果。

I was angry. That was because he didn’t understand me.我生氣是因?yàn)樗焕斫馕摇?表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)

That’s why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)

（3）The reason (why.../for...)is /was that...   “...的原因是...”

The reason for his absence is that he got up late.

The reason why he is absent is that he got up late.

他缺席的原因是他起床遲了。

（4）使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句

在表示建議、勸告、命令、計(jì)劃含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可省略。常見(jiàn)的詞有：advice，suggestion，order，request，proposal，plan，idea等。

My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。

四、同位語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。一個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，這個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語(yǔ)。

1.用法

同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。

I heard the news that our team had won．我聽(tīng)到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。

①可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的抽象名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。

I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．

我從王先生那里來(lái)，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。

②在某些名詞表“建議，命令，要求等”（如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等）后面的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （即should+動(dòng)詞原形；should可?。?。

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.

有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。

③同位語(yǔ)從句前名詞的數(shù)：同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。

 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)我不能來(lái)？

2.連詞

英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通有that，whether，連接代詞what，who，連接副詞how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。）

（1）連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略）

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.

你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（作idea的同位語(yǔ)）

【注意】引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常不省略。

（2）連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）      

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.

我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生來(lái)定。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

（3）其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句

A.連接代詞

what, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。（what作定語(yǔ)）

The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主語(yǔ)）

B.連接副詞

when, where, how, why 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。

l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。

My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.

3.分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句

有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。在語(yǔ)法上叫做分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．

他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。

Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 幾年以后，有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)拿破侖要親自視察他們。

4.定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句是用于說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語(yǔ)通常可以劃等號(hào)；而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。

同位語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that不做成分，而定語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that做成分。

定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不可以省略。

We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽(tīng)到他要來(lái)這個(gè)消息我們很高興。

We are glad at the news that he told us. 聽(tīng)到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。

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